Overview of Programming Languages
History and Features of C
Structure of a C Program
Writing, Compiling, and Executing C Programs
Basic Syntax, Keywords, and Identifiers
Variables and Constants
Data Types in C (int, float, char, double, etc.)
Type Conversion and Type Casting
Input and Output Functions (printf, scanf)
Arithmetic, Relational, Logical Operators
Increment and Decrement Operators
Assignment Operators
Conditional / Ternary Operator
Operator Precedence and Associativity
Decision Making in C
if, if-else, nested if, switch
Looping Statements
for, while, do-while
Jump Statements
break, continue, goto
Defining and Declaring Functions
Function Arguments and Return Values
Recursion
Storage Classes (auto, static, extern, register)
One-Dimensional Arrays
Two-Dimensional Arrays (Matrix)
Multi-Dimensional Arrays
String Handling Functions (strlen, strcpy, strcmp, strcat)
Basics of Pointers
Pointer Arithmetic
Pointers and Arrays
Pointers and Functions
Pointers to Pointers
Defining and Using Structures
Array of Structures
Nested Structures
Introduction to Unions
Difference between Structures and Unions
File Input and Output
Reading and Writing to Files (fopen, fprintf, fscanf, fclose)
File Modes (Read, Write, Append)
Random Access to Files (fseek, ftell, rewind)
malloc, calloc, realloc, and free
Memory Leaks and Best Practices
Command Line Arguments
Preprocessor Directives (#define, #include, #ifdef)
Macros
Enumerations (enum)
Typedef
Mini Project in C (like Library Management, Banking System, Student Record System, etc.)
Debugging and Error Handling
Best Practices in C Programming
12TH PASS