History & Features of Python
Python Installation & IDEs (IDLE, PyCharm, VS Code, Jupyter)
Running Python Programs
Python Syntax, Indentation & Comments
Variables & Data Types
Constants & Literals
Type Casting
Input & Output Functions (print(), input())
Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Identity, Membership)
Decision Making: if, if-else, elif
Looping: for, while
Loop Control: break, continue, pass
Defining & Calling Functions
Arguments & Return Values
Default & Keyword Arguments
Recursion
Lambda Functions
Lists
Tuples
Sets
Dictionaries
List/Dict Comprehension
String Creation & Operations
String Slicing & Indexing
String Methods
Formatting Strings
Creating & Importing Modules
Built-in Modules (math, datetime, os, sys, random)
Python Package Management (pip)
Opening & Closing Files
Reading & Writing Files
File Modes
Exception Handling in File I/O
Errors vs Exceptions
try, except, finally
Multiple Exceptions
User-Defined Exceptions
Classes & Objects
Constructors (__init__)
Inheritance (Single, Multiple, Multilevel)
Polymorphism
Encapsulation
Abstraction
Iterators & Generators
Decorators
Regular Expressions (RegEx)
Virtual Environments
Date & Time Handling
NumPy (Arrays, Operations)
Pandas (DataFrames, Series)
Matplotlib (Data Visualization)
Introduction to Databases
Connecting Python with MySQL/SQLite
CRUD Operations
Mini Projects (Calculator, Student Management, Banking System, File Organizer, Data Analysis)
Debugging & Best Practices
12TH PASS